FORD LGT100 Service Manual

Overview of ford lgt100 service manual

The FORD LGT100 service manual provides a comprehensive reference for the maintenance, troubleshooting, and repair of the LGT100 outdoor power equipment. It is designed for technicians with varying levels of experience, offering clear guidance, diagrams, and procedures that support accurate diagnostics and effective repairs. The manual emphasizes a systematic approach to disassembly, inspection, and reassembly, ensuring that critical tolerances and alignments are maintained throughout service tasks. By following step-by-step instructions, technicians can minimize downtime, extend equipment life, and improve the reliability of the LGT100 in demanding field conditions. The document also highlights safety practices, tool requirements, and material handling procedures to protect both the technician and the equipment during service work.

The manual is structured to facilitate quick reference in a shop or field setting. It includes sections on common fault codes, routine maintenance schedules, and replacement part numbers, enabling technicians to source genuine components efficiently. In addition, it provides service tips and troubleshooting heuristics that help isolate issues related to fuel systems, ignition, electrical connections, and mechanical wear. Visual aids such as exploded views and wiring diagrams accompany the textual instructions to enhance understanding and accuracy. The overall aim is to equip service professionals with a reliable, repeatable workflow for maintaining optimal performance of the LGT100 across its service life.

The FORD LGT100's safety information section underscores the importance of proper lockout/tagout procedures, personal protective equipment, and environmental considerations during service. It details specific hazards associated with the equipment, including compressed springs, sharp edges, and hot surfaces, and provides actionable steps to mitigate these risks. The manual also outlines testing and calibration steps to verify proper function after maintenance, ensuring that restrictions or misalignments do not compromise safety. By adhering to these safety guidelines, technicians can reduce the likelihood of injury and prevent damage to the machine during complex repair tasks. Overall, the manual serves as a practical, safety-focused resource for maintaining the LGT100 in professional outdoor power equipment service environments.

For technicians who encounter recurring issues, the key specifications and safety information section provides quick-reference data on engine type, bore and stroke, fuel requirements, lubrication intervals, and torque specifications. It also includes clear safety notes for handling fuel, batteries, and hot engine components. The documentation reinforces the importance of using authorized parts and following torque sequences to ensure proper sealing and longevity. With precise specifications and precautionary guidance, the manual supports accurate diagnostics and consistent maintenance practices that help keep the FORD LGT100 operating at peak efficiency. This consistency is vital for fleet maintenance programs and individual users seeking dependable performance from their equipment.

In practice, the manual facilitates a disciplined service routine that starts with a thorough visual inspection, followed by targeted tests such as compression checks and fuel system diagnostics. It emphasizes documenting findings and using standardized checklists to track wear patterns and component life. The inclusion of service bulletins and revision history helps technicians stay up to date with the latest recommended procedures and part updates. By maintaining a systematic approach, technicians can extend service intervals, reduce unexpected downtime, and maintain high levels of reliability for the FORD LGT100 across multiple usage scenarios—from mowing to heavy-duty fieldwork.

The Ford LGT100 engine is designed for reliability and longevity, combining robust mechanical design with straightforward maintenance procedures. Begin with a thorough visual inspection at regular intervals to check for signs of wear, corrosion, or loose hardware. Pay particular attention to the intake throat, exhaust manifold, and cooling passages, as heat management is critical for maintaining performance and preventing component fatigue. Regular maintenance should include replacing the air filter, inspecting the fuel lines for cracks or leaks, and ensuring that all mounting points remain secure to prevent vibration damage during operation. Document any irregularities observed during inspections and address them promptly to avoid cascading failures that could compromise the engine’s efficiency and safety.

Routine maintenance also involves checking oil quality and level, changing the oil at manufacturer-recommended intervals, and replacing the oil filter to sustain lubrication effectiveness. Use the correct viscosity and grade for the operating conditions to maintain optimal engine performance and reduce wear on bearing surfaces. Monitor coolant levels and condition, performing coolant flushes as specified to prevent overheating and corrosion within the cooling system. A well-maintained engine runs cooler, consumes fuel more efficiently, and delivers consistent power output across varying loads.

Periodic torque checks on critical fasteners are essential to prevent loosening due to vibration and thermal cycling. Keep a torque wrench handy and refer to the manufacturer’s torque specifications for each fastener size, ensuring that cylinder head bolts, intake and exhaust manifold bolts, and bracketry are secured to the recommended values. Inspect the compression and timing components for signs of wear, and replace any gaskets or seals showing seepage to maintain manifold integrity and prevent leaks that could degrade performance. Comprehensive maintenance also includes checking the exhaust system for restrictions and listening for unusual noises that may indicate a developing fault requiring proactive service.

The fuel system on the Ford LGT100 is designed to deliver consistent fuel flow under a wide range of operating conditions. Start by inspecting fuel lines and connections for cracks, leaks, or hardening that can lead to air ingress or fuel loss. Replace worn or degrading hoses with OEM-spec components and ensure clamps are secure to prevent leaks during engine operation. The fuel filter should be inspected and replaced according to the service schedule to maintain clean fuel delivery and protect fuel injectors or carburetor components from contaminants. When performing a filter change, pre-fill the new filter if the design allows to reduce air in the fuel system and facilitate simpler starting after service.

For engines operating with carburetors or electronic fuel injection, verify fuel pressure and adjust as specified to achieve reliable idle and power delivery. Inspect the fuel pump for proper operation, listening for abnormal noises and confirming adequate flow during cranking. In summary, a clean, pressurized, and well-sealed fuel system supports optimal combustion, reduces emissions, and extends the life of the fuel delivery components. Keep a log of fuel filter replacement dates and any noted deviations in fuel quality to anticipate future maintenance needs.

Additionally, monitor for signs of vapor lock, flooding, or hard starting, as these conditions can indicate issues with the fuel delivery path or ignition timing. Perform a visual check of the intake manifold and throttle body for deposits that could disrupt airflow, and remove any varnish or carbon buildup with approved cleaners and methods. Ensure that the fuel tank venting system remains free of obstructions to prevent pressure imbalances that hamper fuel flow. Regular inspection and conditioning of the entire fuel system will improve throttle response and overall engine efficiency.

When diagnosing common engine problems, start with a structured approach: confirm fuel and ignition supplies are present, then verify air intake and exhaust pathways, followed by compression checks. If the engine is hard to start, inspect the spark plug condition (where applicable), ignition timing, and the battery or alternator performance, as inadequate electrical support can mimic mechanical faults. For rough running or misfires, check for vacuum leaks, dirty or clogged fuel injectors or carburetor jets, and ensure the air filter is clean and sealing properly. Inconsistent idle speed may point to idle control components or contaminated idle air passages that require cleaning and recalibration.

Power loss under load often indicates restricted fuel delivery, clogged filters, or ignition faults, so trace the fuel line for kinks and test the pressure at the fuel rail or carburetor. Overheating signs require verifying the cooling system, thermostat operation, and radiator airflow; clean debris from fins and confirm that the water pump is functioning as designed. If oil consumption is elevated or there is noticeable blue exhaust, inspect piston rings, valve guides, and gaskets, and perform compression testing to identify worn components that may need refurbishment. Always perform a systematic diagnostic procedure and avoid speculative repairs, as precise fault isolation reduces downtime and preserves engine life.

The electrical system of the FORD LGT100 integrates power generation, storage, and management to ensure reliable operation of all on-board systems and accessories. A comprehensive understanding of the system helps technicians troubleshoot issues efficiently and perform preventative maintenance to minimize downtime. Key components include the alternator or generator, battery pack, voltage regulator, fuses, relays, wiring harnesses, and electronic control modules that manage propulsion, lighting, and user interfaces. Regular inspection should verify secure connections, absence of corrosion, and proper insulation to prevent resistance, overheating, or signal interference. Protective measures, such as ensuring proper grounding and clean, dry connectors, are essential for maintaining consistent performance under varying operating conditions.

Battery and charging system maintenance begins with verifying battery health, capacity, and electrolyte condition if applicable. Check for clean terminals, tight clamps, and absence of white corrosion or green verdigris, which can impede current flow. Use a calibrated multimeter to test resting voltage and load voltage during engine cranking or startup to assess state of charge and cold-cranking capability. Inspect the charging source, whether it is a mechanical alternator or an alternative power generator, ensuring proper belt tension, pulley alignment, and belt condition. A healthy charging system should maintain battery voltage within specified ranges during idle and under load, with no excessive voltage spikes that could damage electrical components. Scheduling periodic load tests and electrolyte level checks (where appropriate) helps extend battery life and prevent unexpected failures in the field.

Wiring diagrams and harness care are critical for diagnosing electrical faults and performing reliable repairs. When tracing circuits, refer to the current schematic for color codes, connector pinouts, and splice locations to avoid misrouting wires. Inspect harnesses for cracked insulation, pinched sections, or chemical exposure that could cause insulation failure or intermittent connections. Use appropriate protective loom, conduit, and zip ties to secure wiring away from heat sources, moving parts, and sharp edges, ensuring freedom of movement without stress on the conductors. Apply dielectric grease to weatherproof connectors as needed to minimize moisture ingress, especially in exposed environments. During maintenance, document any repairs or re-routings with clear notes and updated diagrams to support future troubleshooting and service.

Lubrication and cooling systems

Lubrication requirements for the FORD LGT100 are critical to engine longevity and reliable performance. Use only the recommended viscosity grade and specification as specified in the manufacturer’s data sheet, and ensure the oil meets the correct API service category for the operating conditions. Regular oil level checks should be performed with the engine cool and on a level surface, allowing for accurate readings. When selecting a lubricant, consider the ambient temperature range and load profile, as extreme temperatures or heavy workloads can necessitate a higher grade or synthetic formulation to maintain film strength. Always replace the oil filter at the same interval as the oil to prevent contaminant buildup that could compromise lubrication pathways. If an oil analysis program is available, incorporate it to monitor viscosity changes, contaminants, and additive depletion to inform proactive maintenance decisions.

Ensure proper lubrication of the engine’s moving parts by following the recommended service intervals and quantities. Pay particular attention to the camshaft, crankshaft journals, and timing drive components, as inadequate lubrication can accelerate wear and lead to fleet downtime. The lubrication system should maintain a continuous oil pressure range within the manufacturer’s specified limits under both idle and full-load operating conditions. Check all oil galleries, seals, and gaskets for leaks during routine inspections, and promptly address any seepage to prevent lubrication loss. Use a clean fill procedure to avoid introducing dirt into the oil system, and always rotate the engine using the proper procedure to reseat internal components after oil replacement. Tools such as a calibrated dipstick, torque wrench, and oil drain pan are essential for accurate service and traceability.

Cooling system service and maintenance for the FORD LGT100 focuses on preventing overheating, which can cause warping, head gasket failure, and reduced efficiency. Begin with a coolant that meets the specified formulation and concentration, and verify the operating temperature range is within design limits. Regularly inspect the coolant level, mixture, and condition, and perform a complete coolant flush at the intervals recommended by the manufacturer, or sooner if the coolant shows signs of contamination or degradation. When refilling, ensure the system is purged of air and that bleed screws or reservoirs are properly closed to maintain consistent cooling performance. Inspect hoses, clamps, and the radiator for cracks or leaks, and replace any damaged components to prevent loss of coolant. Use distilled water if a premixed coolant is not available, and never mix incompatible coolants, as this can reduce corrosion protection and heat transfer efficiency.

In addition to routine checks, pay attention to the water pump, thermostat, and radiator cap, as these components regulate flow and pressure within the cooling system. A failing water pump or stuck thermostat can cause localized overheating, while a faulty radiator cap can lead to pressure loss and boil-over events. When servicing the cooling system, follow the specified torque values for hose clamps and fittings to avoid leaks or hose collapse under pressure. Record all service actions, including coolant type, concentration, and replacement dates, to maintain a reliable maintenance history. If the vehicle exhibits abnormal temperature readings, perform a systematic inspection starting from the gauge or sensor, then verify coolant circulation, air in the system, and electrical sensor accuracy before progressing to more invasive diagnostics.

Troubleshooting overheating issues requires a structured approach to identify root causes efficiently. Begin with a visual inspection for obvious leaks, coolant level, and signs of external heat exposure. Monitor the temperature gauges and infrared readings to determine whether overheating is localized to a particular cylinder bank or component. Check the coolant pump operation by observing flow when the engine warms up and verify that the thermostat opens at the correct temperature. If the cooling fans fail to engage properly, inspect the fan motor, relay, and control circuits for faults. Accumulated debris in the radiator fins or obstructed air intake can dramatically reduce cooling efficiency, so clean these areas carefully without damaging the fins. Finally, inspect for a head gasket issue, such as milky oil or white exhaust smoke, which would indicate more severe engine problems requiring professional assessment.

Drive system and transmission

The drive system of the FORD LGT100 is designed to transfer engine power efficiently to the drive wheels while maintaining smooth operation under varying load conditions. Begin with a thorough inspection of the drive belt or chain (as applicable to the model variant) for signs of wear, cracking, glazing, or unusual stretching. Ensure alignment is within manufacturer specifications, and verify that tension is correct using the recommended gauge or torque values. Regularly check mounting brackets, pulleys, and tensioners for wear or looseness, as misalignment can lead to accelerated component wear and reduced traction. Use only OEM or approved replacement parts to preserve system integrity and to maintain warranty compliance. Maintain a clean drivetrain environment to prevent contamination from oil, dirt, or water, which can degrade belt materials and reduce grip.

Proper transmission service and adjustment are essential for predictable performance and longevity. Start with draining and refilling transmission fluid as specified, using the grade and viscosity recommended in the service manual. Inspect the transmission filter if equipped, and replace it if sediments or noticeable restriction are found. Check linkage and cable adjustments for smooth, precise gear engagement, ensuring that shifting requires only light, deliberate movements without resistance. When performing adjustments, verify that the range of motion aligns with the published secondary indicators or color-coded references on the control levers. After any service, test the system under load in both forward and reverse directions to confirm that there are no unusual noises, slips, or delays in engagement. Document all measurements and adjustments for future maintenance cycles.

Drivetrain troubleshooting involves a systematic approach to identify whether issues originate from the powertrain, drive components, or wheel interfaces. Begin with a visual inspection of the driveshafts or axles for bending, cracking, or insulation damage, and check universal joints or CV joints for play or binding. Monitor for abnormal vibration, noise, or loss of traction during operation, which can indicate imbalance, misalignment, or worn bearings. Use diagnostic scans or built-in fault codes if the equipment features electronic control modules, and cross-reference any codes with the service manual to isolate the fault to a sensor, actuator, or mechanical component. Check tire or track condition and inflation if applicable, since improper contact surfaces can mask drivetrain problems or exaggerate wear symptoms. Conclude with a test run across varied terrain to observe performance changes and ensure that the drivetrain remains stable and predictable throughout the operating envelope.

The Ford LGT100 brake system inspection and service begins with a careful visual assessment of all components, including the master cylinder, calipers, rotors, pads, and hydraulic lines. Check for signs of leaks, cracks, or corrosion on the master cylinder reservoir and fittings, and ensure the brake fluid is within the recommended level and of appropriate specification. Measure rotor thickness with a micrometer and compare against the manufacturer’s minimum allowable dimension. Inspect pad wear indicators and pad thickness, and look for uneven wear patterns that could indicate misalignment or caliper sticking. When removing components for inspection, take care to label connectors and bolts to preserve proper reassembly alignment and torque specs, and reinstall with new gasket material or O-rings as required to prevent leaks. Brake system service proceeds with rotor resurfacing or replacement as needed, followed by careful bleeding of the hydraulic system to remove air and restore pedal feel. Use the correct sequence for bleeding, typically starting from the furthest wheel from the master cylinder. After bleeding, verify pedal firmness with the engine off and again with the engine running, ensuring the pedal does not descend excessively under steady pressure. Refit all caliper bolts to the specified torque and verify proper caliper alignment to prevent uneven pad wear and noise. Recheck fluid level, top off with the proper DOT specification, and replace the brake fluid reservoir cap to maintain a clean system, then test drive at low speeds to confirm effective braking without grabbing or pulling to one side. Suspension components maintenance focuses on inspecting springs, shock absorbers or struts, bushings, control arms, and tie rods for wear, cracks, or deformation. Look for signs of leaking hydraulic fluid from shocks or struts, bushings that show excessive play, and ball joints with looseness or rust. Measure critical alignments such as toe, camber, and caster where applicable, and adjust according to the manufacturer’s specifications using the proper alignment tools. For worn or damaged components, replace parts in matched sets to preserve handling balance, and torque all fasteners to the recommended values with the correct sequence. After installation, inspect the steering linkage for smooth operation and verify there is no binding in the suspension travel through a controlled compression and rebound test on a suitable test surface. Troubleshooting brake and handling issues requires a systematic approach to diagnose symptoms accurately. If brake pedal feel is soft or sinks after startup, assess for air in the system, weak or leaking lines, or a failing master cylinder, and consider performing another bleeding cycle after inspecting for leaks. If braking exhibits vibration or pulsing, inspect rotors for runout, excessive wear, or scoring, and check wheel bearings for play or looseness that could mimic rotor issues. Handling issues such as drifting, pulling, or uneven tire wear often point to misalignment, worn suspension components, or improperly inflated tires; recheck tire pressures and balance, then calibrate toe and camber per spec. In all cases, replace worn parts with OEM-grade components and verify that the braking and suspension systems function harmoniously before resuming normal operation and performing a return-to-service road test across a range of speeds and driving conditions.

Safety features on the FORD LGT100 are designed to protect the operator during normal operation and in unexpected conditions. A comprehensive overview includes interlocks, emergency stop mechanisms, rollover protection where applicable, and audible or visual indicators that communicate machine status. Each feature is selected to reduce the likelihood of accidental engagement or exposure to moving parts, and to provide clear feedback when a fault is detected. Regular inspection of safety components ensures that latch forces, alignment, and circuit integrity remain within specification, minimizing the risk of nuisance shutoffs or unsafe operation. Operators should familiarize themselves with the location and purpose of each safety device and verify its operation before every use.

Protective systems are integrated into the control architecture to prevent machine movement when guarding is compromised. Guarding includes physical barriers around belts, gears, and rotating shafts, as well as switches that detect guard removal or improper enclosure closure. Interlocks ensure that critical controls cannot be overridden, and that safety-critical functions return to a safe state if a fault occurs. Maintenance tasks involve verifying the continuity of safety circuits, inspecting door seals or access panels for wear, and replacing any damaged components promptly. Additionally, functional checks should be performed after any service or component replacement to confirm that interlocks, safeties, and alert systems respond correctly under simulated fault conditions.

Operator protection and maintenance concentrate on personal safety while operating or servicing the equipment. This includes ensuring proper use of PPE, observing tag-out procedures during maintenance, and maintaining stable, clutter-free work areas around the machine. Routine checks cover the integrity of seatbelts or restraints, operator presence sensors, and foot protection against hot surfaces or sharp edges. Regular calibration and testing of sensors that monitor tilt, runaway conditions, or overload scenarios help prevent uncontrolled motion or engine shutdowns. Documentation of inspection results, replacement intervals, and fault histories supports proactive maintenance and reduces the risk of unexpected downtime or safety incidents.

Diagnostics for safety systems provide a structured approach to identifying and addressing faults without compromising operator safety. Diagnostic routines typically begin with a self-test that verifies power supplies, sensor readings, and interlock status. If a fault is detected, the system should display a fault code or illuminate a dedicated indicator, guiding the technician to the root cause. Troubleshooting steps include verifying wire integrity, connector security, and module communication buses, followed by sensor calibration or replacement as required. A well-documented diagnostic protocol reduces diagnostic time, enhances repair accuracy, and ensures that resolved issues remain corrected during subsequent operations. Regular software and firmware updates for safety modules should be performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations to maintain compatibility with hardware protections.

Regular maintenance and preventive care

Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the FORD LGT100 operates safely, efficiently, and with a long service life. Establishing a clear maintenance schedule helps identify wear patterns before they become failures, reduces downtime, and preserves warranty compliance. Begin by documenting every service activity, including part replacements, fluid changes, filter inspections, and any unusual symptoms observed during operation. A well-kept maintenance log supports predictive repairs and can inform decisions about parts procurement and tool investments. Adhere to manufacturer-recommended intervals and record the exact hours of operation, environmental conditions, and operator notes to provide context for future servicing.

Seasonal care involves tailoring attention to how environmental conditions affect the equipment. In colder months, prepare the system for storage by performing a thorough inspection, draining any residual fluids as recommended, and applying protective covers to prevent corrosion. During hot or humid seasons, focus on cooling system integrity, electrical connections, and battery health, as temperature extremes can accelerate wear. Spring and fall checks should validate tire condition, driveline alignment, and ancillary belts to prevent unexpected failures during peak usage. By aligning maintenance with seasonal changes, you protect critical components and maintain consistent performance year-round.

Potential issues that warrant timely inspection include unusual vibrations, changes in idle speed, or abnormal exhaust noise. Regularly check fasteners for tightness according to the prescribed torque values to avoid loosening under vibration. Keep a torque log and use calibrated torque wrenches to verify fastener tightness after installation and at scheduled intervals. Additionally, inspect electrical connectors for signs of corrosion, moisture intrusion, or pin wear, and clean or replace as needed. Proactive tightening and connector maintenance reduce the risk of electrical faults and equipment downtime, especially in challenging operating environments.

Maintenance schedule and records

Develop a structured maintenance schedule that includes daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly tasks, each with defined inspection criteria and acceptable tolerance ranges. Start with a daily checklist that covers essential safety devices, fuel levels, and visible leaks, then progress to weekly tests of performance and system responsiveness. Monthly records should capture fluid levels, filter conditions, and rough measurements of wear indicators, while quarterly reviews consolidate data from all previous checks and summarize any trends or anomalies. Maintaining detailed records enables trend analysis, supports parts lifecycle management, and provides a reliable reference during troubleshooting or warranty claims. Use standardized forms or a digital log that can export data for long-term analysis and compliance reporting.

For each service event, record the date, operator initials, service performed, parts used, and any parts removed with their serial numbers when applicable. Include pre- and post-service test results, such as pressure readings or functional tests, to demonstrate that the unit met performance criteria after maintenance. Store history logs in a secure, organized location and ensure backups exist. Regular audits of the maintenance records help verify that the planned program is being followed and reveal opportunities to optimize the schedule or revise part stocking strategies. A disciplined records system supports traceability and confidence in the equipment’s reliability across its operational life.

Seasonal care guidelines

Seasonal guidelines focus on preparing the FORD LGT100 for varying environmental conditions and usage patterns. Before the onset of winter, perform a full integrity check of fuel lines, electrical insulation, and battery condition, and apply corrosion protection where needed. In spring, revisit lubrication schedules, inspect moving joints, and test the cooling and air intake systems to ensure peak performance after a period of reduced activity. Summer care emphasizes heat management, fluid conditioning, and radiator cleanliness, with extra attention to belt wear and refrigerant or coolant stability if applicable. Autumn checks should prioritize visibility, lighting integrity, and brake or drive system readiness to accommodate changing workloads and weather. Following these seasonal guidelines helps maintain consistent performance while reducing the likelihood of weather-related failures.

In all seasons, maintain clean air filters and replace them at the recommended intervals to ensure optimal airflow and engine efficiency. Use manufacturer-approved fluids and consumables to avoid compatibility issues that could lead to reduced performance or damage. Establish a routine of visual inspections for hoses, seals, and fasteners, and address any signs of cracking, hardening, or shifting alignment promptly. Seasonal care requires a proactive mindset: addressing small concerns before they escalate into costly repairs or downtime. By integrating these practices into daily operations, you extend the life of the FORD LGT100 and preserve its reliability across diverse operating conditions.

Tightening and torque standards

Adhering to precise tightening and torque standards is critical for structural integrity and safe operation. Always consult the manufacturer’s torque tables for the exact values corresponding to each fastener size, grade, and material. Before applying torque, ensure threads are clean, dry, and free of debris, and use appropriate lubricants as specified, since lubrication can significantly affect actual torque values. Employ calibrated torque wrenches and verify calibration regularity to prevent under-tightening or over-tightening, which can cause joint failure or threaded damage. When reassembling components after maintenance, follow the stepwise sequence recommended by the design to ensure even loading and proper alignment, reducing the risk of distortion or uneven wear. Document all torque values used in maintenance records to support traceability and warranty compliance.

For critical assemblies, such as the driveline, frame brackets, and mounting points, perform a secondary check after a short run or after a thermal cycle to confirm that fasteners have settled to their intended torque. Maintain a schedule for rechecking high-stress joints based on operation hours or environmental exposure, whichever comes first. If fasteners show signs of loosening, inspect underlying cause—whether it’s vibration, missing lock rings, or degraded thread engagement—and address it before retorquing. By following consistent tightening practices and maintaining thorough records, the FORD LGT100 achieves reliable performance, reduces failure rates, and enhances operator safety during routine use and maintenance activities.