EXMARK TT23KAC Service Manual
Overview and purpose
Scope and intended use: The EXMARK TT23KAC service manual section provides detailed guidance for technicians performing maintenance, inspection, troubleshooting, and repair of the TT23KAC model. This material is intended for qualified personnel with a solid understanding of small engine theory, hydraulic systems, electrical circuits, and safety protocols. The procedures outlined herein assume a standard shop environment equipped with appropriate hand tools, safety gear, and a clean workspace to prevent contamination and component damage. The information is designed to support correct replacement parts identification, alignment, calibration, and testing to restore the machine to its original performance specifications. Technicians should refer to the manufacturer’s parts lists and torque specifications when performing any disassembly or reassembly tasks to ensure proper fit and function.
Safety and compliance considerations: Work on powered equipment requires strict adherence to lockout/tagout procedures to prevent accidental engine start-up. Personal protective equipment such as safety glasses, gloves, and hearing protection should be worn as a minimum, with additional protection for high-noise, high-heat, or hazardous chemical tasks. Follow all relevant local, state, and federal regulations, as well as the manufacturer’s maintenance instructions, to minimize risk of injury, fire, or environmental contamination. Proper handling and disposal of fuels, oils, and used parts must comply with applicable environmental guidelines and manufacturer recommendations. Ensure that the equipment is stable on a level surface and that all moving parts are secured before performing any service work. Documentation of maintenance actions, part substitutions, and test results should be recorded for warranty and reliability purposes.
In addition to general safety, technicians should verify the machine’s model designation, serial number, and any available service advisories prior to commencing work. Check for any recalls or safety bulletins related to the TT23KAC and follow prescribed corrective actions. When inspecting hydraulic and cooling systems, observe for leaks, worn hoses, and degraded seals, replacing components with OEM parts as required. Electrical inspections should include battery condition, wiring insulation integrity, fuse and relay operation, and connector cleanliness, ensuring all connections are secure and free of corrosion. Before reinstalling components, verify clearances, torque values, and lubrication points as specified by Exmark’s service data.
Overall, this section aims to equip qualified technicians with a reliable, methodical approach to maintaining and repairing the TT23KAC while maximizing safety, reliability, and performance. By combining accurate diagnostic steps with careful adherence to torque, alignment, and lubrication specifications, service personnel can minimize downtime and extend the equipment’s service life. The guidance presented emphasizes reproducible results through standardized procedures and meticulous recordkeeping, supporting consistent maintenance quality across service events.
The EXMARK TT23KAC is a compact, commercial-grade turf maintenance machine designed for reliable performance in professional settings. Its overall dimensions are tailored to balance maneuverability with stability, providing a compact footprint that fits through standard gate openings while maintaining a sturdy chassis for extended operation. Weight distribution has been optimized to reduce operator fatigue and improve traction on varied terrains. When evaluating overall size and mass, consider the balance between deck width, wheelbase, and hitch configuration to ensure compatible transport and storage in service fleets. The machine’s platform and control layout are designed for intuitive operation, with emphasis on accessibility of service points for routine maintenance and quick field checks.
The engine and powertrain are engineered to deliver consistent horsepower and torque for demanding mowing and detailing tasks. A liquid-cooled gasoline powerplant is paired with a durable hydrostatic transmission to provide smooth, variable-speed control and precise throttle response. The fuel system is designed for efficiency and reliability under continuous operation, featuring robust filtration and secure fuel lines that resist vibration and heat buildup. The powertrain includes protective shielding and engineered mounts to minimize vibration and noise while maximizing longevity in harsh outdoor environments. Regular monitoring of engine temperature, oil pressure, and fluid levels is essential to maintain peak performance and extend the service life of both the engine and drive components.
The electrical system on the TT23KAC is designed for dependable starting, consistent instrument readings, and straightforward diagnostics in the field. A sealed, weatherproof control module manages key functions such as speed selection, blade engagement, and safety interlocks, ensuring predictable behavior even in challenging weather. The battery arrangement is chosen for reliable cold starts and extended service life, with easily accessible terminals and protective covers to prevent corrosion. Wiring harnesses are routed with strain relief and color-coded connectors to simplify troubleshooting and reduce the risk of misconnection during repairs. Protective measures, including fuses and circuit breakers, help safeguard sensitive components from overloads and moisture, contributing to reduced downtime during routine maintenance and unexpected field servicing.
Maintenance fundamentals are the backbone of reliable operation for the EXMARK TT23KAC. A structured routine ensures that the machine delivers consistent performance and extends its service life. Regular checks help identify wear, leaks, or other issues before they escalate into costly repairs. Adhering to a disciplined maintenance cadence also supports safety by keeping moving parts correctly aligned and preventing unexpected failures during operation. Establish a maintenance calendar based on hours of use and operating conditions, then document each service to track trends and schedule upcoming tasks accurately.
Routine maintenance involves a systematic inspection of key subsystems, including the engine, drive system, cutting deck, and electrical components. Begin each session with a visual overview to spot loose fasteners, damaged hoses, or worn belts. Listen for unusual noises that could indicate bearing wear or misalignment, and check for signs of vibration that may signal imbalance or mounting issues. During inspections, verify fluid levels, inspect air filters, and ensure that safety devices and guards are in place and functional. A methodical approach reduces downtime and keeps the machine operating at peak efficiency.
Lubrication and fuel system care are essential to prevent premature wear and ensure smooth operation. Use the recommended lubricants and follow specified intervals for engine oil changes, filter replacements, and grease points. Clean or replace air filters to maintain optimum air-fuel ratios and protect the engine from contaminants. Throughout the fuel system, inspect for leaks, degraded hoses, and signs of ethanol-related damage, replacing components as needed. Proper lubrication and clean, intact fuel delivery paths help sustain power, response, and fuel economy while reducing the risk of breakdowns in the field.
Cooling system maintenance is critical for preventing overheating, which can shorten engine life and degrade performance. Check coolant levels and top up with the manufacturer’s specified mixture, ensuring corrosion inhibitors remain effective. Inspect radiator fins and hoses for damage or blockages, and clean the cooling surfaces to maintain efficient heat transfer. When performing maintenance, verify that the thermostat, water pump, and fan assemblies operate correctly and that no air pockets remain in the cooling loop. A well-maintained cooling system supports consistent performance under load and extends the overall longevity of the machine.
Routine maintenance checklist items should be performed at regular intervals defined by hours of operation and environmental conditions. Each item, from battery integrity to blade sharpness and deck alignment, has a direct impact on safety and productivity. Maintain meticulous records of tasks completed, parts replaced, and observations noted during each service, as this historical data informs future maintenance planning and can aid in diagnosing intermittent issues. By integrating a proactive maintenance mindset into daily operations, operators maximize uptime, preserve resale value, and ensure the TT23KAC meets performance expectations over time.
Implementing a consistent lubrication and fuel system care routine involves scheduled oil changes, filter replacements, and careful handling of fuels and lubricants. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for oil viscosity and change intervals, and dispose of used fluids in accordance with local regulations. Use fresh, high-quality fuel and stabilize if equipment sits idle for extended periods, rotating through to prevent varnish buildup. Keeping fuel and lubrication clean and correctly applied reduces friction, preserves engine efficiency, and minimizes the risk of operational interruptions in demanding work environments.
Cooling system maintenance should be integrated with other preventive tasks to ensure a holistic approach to engine health. Regularly purge any air from the cooling system after draining or refilling fluids, and verify that hoses are free from cracks or bulges. Ensure clamps are secure and that the radiator and screen remain free of debris to maintain proper airflow. In hot operating conditions, monitor engine temperature closely and adjust maintenance frequency as needed to avoid overheating and the associated accelerated wear that can occur under sustained heavy loads.
Diagnostics and troubleshooting is a critical skill for maintaining reliable performance from the EXMARK TT23KAC. Start by establishing a baseline of the machine’s normal behavior, including engine sound, idle speed, and cutting performance. Carefully observe symptoms such as loss of power, unusual vibrations, hard starting, or inconsistent blade height. Document the exact conditions under which the issue occurs, including load, temperature, and any recent maintenance performed. A methodical approach helps prevent unnecessary part replacement and speeds up repair time. Always ensure the machine is safely powered down, the spark plug is disconnected, and the battery is isolated before performing any diagnostic checks. Use protective equipment and follow all safety guidelines to avoid injury during inspections or testing.
Common failure indicators provide quick insight into potential problem areas. Look for obvious signs such as fuel leakage, damaged belts, loose hardware, or clogged air filters, which often point to root causes that can be addressed without specialized tools. Inspect the cooling fins and shrouding for debris buildup that can cause overheating and reduced performance. Pay attention to abnormal noises or sensations, such as grinding sounds, which may indicate bearing wear or drivetrain misalignment. A visual inspection combined with a feeling of abnormal resistance in pivot points or wheels can reveal issues that require adjustment or replacement. By recognizing these indicators early, you can prevent more severe failures and extend the machine’s service life.
Diagnostic procedures and tools should be tailored to the TT23KAC’s layout and electrical system. Begin with a thorough fuel system check, ensuring clean fuel, proper line routing, and no leaks, as fuel quality directly impacts combustion stability. Use a multimeter to verify battery voltage and charging system performance, and inspect the alternator or charging coil for consistency. For electrical diagnostics, check fuses, relays, and wiring continuity with a digital tester, and reference the instrument cluster codes when available. Mechanical diagnostics involve inspecting the blade spindle, spindle bearings, deck belt tension, and anti-scalp rollers, ensuring smooth rotation and proper tension. Always perform functional tests after each adjustment to confirm that the issue is resolved and no new problems have been introduced.
Error codes and interpretations vary by model and year, but a systematic approach can decode most issues quickly. Start by recording any displayed codes from the dash, then consult the service literature for the corresponding fault descriptions. Interpret codes in the context of recent maintenance, sensor readings, and system behavior, as similar codes can reflect different underlying problems. When a code suggests a sensor fault, verify wiring integrity and connector cleanliness before replacing components. For motor and drive-related codes, inspect propulsion gears, clutches, and transmission fluid (or equivalent lubrication) levels and quality. After addressing the root cause, clear the codes with the proper procedure and perform a post-repair test to ensure the system remains free of error states. Collaboration with a service bulletin or revision list can help confirm that you’re applying the correct interpretation for your unit’s production date.
The electrical and wiring diagrams for the EXMARK TT23KAC provide a comprehensive map of how power and signals flow throughout the mower’s critical systems. A clear understanding of the wiring schematic overview helps technicians diagnose issues quickly and accurately, reducing downtime and the risk of miswiring. Start with the main power supply circuit, noting the battery negative and positive leads, the main fuse or circuit breaker, and the ignition switch as the entry points for current. From there, trace the power distribution to essential subsystems such as the ignition coil, fuel system sensors, and the control module, ensuring ground points are secure and free of corrosion. It is important to cluster related circuits together, using color-coded harnesses and labeled connectors to avoid cross-connection errors during maintenance or replacement. When reviewing schematics, verify that wire gauges match the current requirements of each circuit to prevent overheating, and confirm that protective insulation and loom coverage are intact to guard against abrasion from engine heat and debris. A methodical approach to the schematic overview minimizes guesswork and supports precise repair work in the field.
Harness routing and protection is a critical aspect of long-term electrical reliability. Routing should prioritize shortest practical paths between components while maintaining ample slack for engine movement and vibration without sharp bends that could fatigue wires. Use protective conduits, spiral wrap, and steel braided sleeves in high-abrasion zones, particularly where harnesses pass near moving parts like the deck lift mechanism, throttle linkage, and the PTO engagement area. Ensure that all harnesses are securely fastened with appropriate clamps and zip ties, and that they avoid sharp edges, hot exhaust manifolds, and areas subject to rubbing from the engine cover. Grounding points should be robust, with ground straps connected to clean, bare metal surfaces, and all terminals torqued to manufacturer specifications. Regular inspection should look for cracked insulation, pinched connectors, and any signs of moisture ingress, especially in the vicinity of the battery compartment and control module. Proper harness protection not only improves electrical performance but also enhances real-world durability under field conditions.
Sensor and actuator locations are identified to facilitate precise diagnostics and efficient part replacement. Key sensors include those for engine temperature, oil pressure, battery voltage, air intake, and speed or position sensing related to the deck and drive system. Actuators encompass the ignition coil, fuel injectors or carburetor adjustments if applicable, PTO solenoids, and electronic throttle or governor components. Each sensor and actuator location should be documented with its corresponding connector, pinout, and typical fault symptoms to guide testing procedures with a multimeter or dedicated diagnostic tool. When disconnecting any sensor or actuator, disconnect power first and note the orientation of connectors to ensure correct reconnection. After servicing, perform a functional test that verifies that the readings align with normal operating ranges and that actuator responses occur within expected timeframes. A precise map of sensor and actuator placements supports accurate troubleshooting, efficient servicing, and dependable operation of the EXMARK TT23KAC.
Hydraulic drive systems in the EXMARK TT23KAC combine hydraulic pumps, motors, and a network of valves to provide smooth, controlled movement across varied terrains. The hydraulic drive allows for precise speed control, improved traction, and consistent performance under load. Regular inspection of hoses, fittings, and reservoir levels is essential to prevent leaks and maintain system efficiency. Understanding the fundamentals of pressure, flow, and return paths helps technicians diagnose performance changes quickly and accurately. When the system operates within specification, operators will notice responsive acceleration, stable braking, and minimal heat buildup during extended mowing sessions.
Pump and motor service begins with confirming the pump and motor ratings match the manufacturer’s specifications for the TT23KAC model. Inspect all drive-line connections for wear, cracks, or looseness, and replace any damaged components before performing performance tests. Fluid cleanliness is critical; use the recommended hydraulic fluid type and maintain proper contamination control with clean containers and fittings. Regularly check for unusual noises, vibration, or temperature rises during operation, as these can indicate internal wear or misalignment. Calibration of hydraulic relief valves may be necessary after component replacement to restore correct operating pressures and valve sequencing.
Terrain and deck drive considerations demand attention to ground engagement and load distribution. Monitor tire or track contact with the surface to ensure even wear and prevent scarred turf or uneven cut patterns. Inspect deck drive components such as pulleys, belts, and linkages for tension and alignment, as misadjustments can impact hydraulic drive performance. When mowing on slopes or uneven terrain, verify that the system maintains consistent speed and traction without excessive slip, which can lead to increased fuel or energy consumption. Regular lubrication of pivot points and hydraulic fittings reduces resistance and extends system life, while periodic testing of the drive’s stability under varying loads confirms the machine’s reliability in field conditions.
Cutting system and mower deck
The cutting system is a precision assembly that requires careful alignment and regular maintenance to ensure consistent cut quality and mower performance. Begin by inspecting the deck for flatness and any signs of warping or damage that could affect blade height or saber alignment. Use a straightedge across the widest point of the deck to verify flatness, and measure from the blade tip to the deck surface at multiple points to confirm even clearance. Any discrepancy may indicate a bent spindle, a damaged housing, or an overloaded discharge area that can lead to uneven turf cutting. Regularly clean the underside of the deck to remove built-up grass, sap, and debris, as these can cause uneven wear and clog the cutting path. Proper deck alignment also entails ensuring the deck is level side-to-side and front-to-back when the mower sits on a flat surface with the blade installed, using a calibrated deck gauge or a known-good reference near the blade tips. Small misalignments can accumulate after prolonged use, so periodic rechecks are essential for持续 optimal performance.
Deck balance is critical for smooth operation and reducing vibration. After any service work or blade changes, rotate the blades by hand to check for smooth, free rotation without binding. A wobble or offset rotation can indicate a bent spindle, loose pulleys, or a deck mounting misalignment. Ensure all mounting bolts are torqued to the manufacturer’s specifications and that anti-rotation pins or stabilizers are properly seated. When balancing, verify that the blade tips are at the same height and that the mowing path produces an even cut across the entire width of the deck. If you notice a consistent pull to one side during operation, recheck the deck level and verify that blade spacings and spindle heights are within the recommended tolerances.
Blade maintenance and replacement are fundamental to preserving cut quality and engine efficiency. Inspect blades for nicks, cracks, or excessive dullness, and replace if any structural damage is present. Always use blades that match the OEM specifications and rotate them so the concave edge faces the correct direction of rotation. When sharpening, maintain a consistent angle and remove an equal amount of material from each cutting edge to maintain balance; after sharpening, recheck blade balance with a magnetic balancer or by placing the blade on a shaft with balanced weights. Replace blades in pairs if they become mismatched in weight, and always re-tighten blade bolts to the specified torque with a proper sequence to avoid warping the spindle. Keep a log of blade replacement intervals and metric checks to anticipate wear before blade performance degrades.
Spindle and bearing service is essential to maintain cutting efficiency and minimize noise and vibration. Regularly inspect spindle housings for signs of leakage, excessive play, or heat discoloration, which can indicate bearing wear. If bearings show lateral play or roughness when spun by hand, replace the bearings and seals as a matched set to maintain smooth operation. Use appropriate lubricants per the service manual and avoid over-lubrication, which can attract debris and cause bearing failure. When removing spindles for service, document the orientation and reinstall using the correct shims and spacers to preserve deck balance and blade clearance. After reassembly, perform a test run at low speed to verify that there is no abnormal noise or vibration, and recheck blade tip height to ensure the deck remains level and balanced.
The EXMARK TT23KAC is equipped with multiple safety systems designed to protect the operator during normal operation and in extreme situations. Rollover protection and guarding are integral to the machine’s design, incorporating a robust Rollover Protection System (ROPS) and a protective guarding network around moving components. It is essential to verify that the ROPS is free from damage, properly latched, and that all guards are securely in place before starting any work. Regular inspection should include checking mounting bolts for tightness, ensuring there are no cracks in the structural members, and confirming that the guarding does not interfere with controls or operator visibility. Any signs of wear, deformation, or looseness must be addressed immediately to maintain the effectiveness of the protection provided during operation on uneven terrain or slopes. In addition, keep clear of the rollover zone during maintenance and ensure that bystanders maintain a safe distance when the machine is in use.
Seat safety and safety interlocks play a critical role in preventing unintended machine movement and ensuring the operator is properly protected. The operator seat is designed with a locking mechanism that requires the operator to be seated for the control system to engage the engine and enable drive and blade functions. Interlocks monitor seat presence, seat belt engagement, and control lever positions to prevent inadvertent movement or startup if the operator is not properly positioned. Routine checks include verifying that the seat belt retracts smoothly, the buckle latches securely, and that the seat sensor reliably detects occupancy. If the seat interlock reports a fault, the machine should be taken out of service and inspected by a qualified technician, as continued operation could pose a significant safety risk. The interlocks are designed to work in concert with other safety features to inhibit operation when any unsafe condition is detected, ensuring the operator has both hands on the controls and full attention to the task.
Control layout and function descriptions are provided to ensure intuitive and safe operation of the machine’s features. The steering and drive controls are positioned for ergonomic access, with tactile feedback and clearly labeled functions to minimize operator error. Primary controls include the throttle, blade engage/disengage, and PTO, each with distinct detents or indicators to confirm engagement status. The blade control should only be activated when the operator is in a safe, stable position and the area around the cutting path is clear of bystanders. The PTO and engine stop mechanisms incorporate safety interlocks that require specific sequences to start, engage, or halt operation, reducing the risk of accidental activation. It is important to become familiar with the exact control travel and visual indicators, such as illuminated switch icons or LED indicators, to determine when a function is active. Regular practice and adherence to the manufacturer’s torque and torque-to-speed guidelines help ensure reliable and safe performance across all operating conditions.
Calibration and performance verification
calibration is a critical step to ensure that the EXMARK TT23KAC operates within its designed tolerances and delivers optimal cutting performance. Begin by verifying that all safety devices are engaged and that the machine is on a stable, level surface with the ignition switch in the OFF position. Remove the spark plug boot to prevent accidental starting during setup, then check the blade adapter for wear or deformation. Use a torque wrench to confirm that blade mounting hardware is tightened to the manufacturer's specified values, and inspect the blade for any nicks or bends that could affect balance and cut quality. After mechanical checks, replace any worn components and perform a brief system check to ensure that all protective guards and shielding are properly seated and secure.
Establishing a performance baseline requires precise measurement of blade height, belt tensions, and engine operating parameters. Start the engine and allow it to reach operating temperature while observing the tachometer for steady idle and proper throttle response. Measure the blade height using the appropriate gauge, and adjust the deck to achieve the recommended cutting height within a tolerance specified by the manufacturer. Inspect drive belts for correct tension and wear, ensuring they sit evenly on pulleys without slipping. Take note of engine vibration levels and exhaust emissions to confirm that the machine runs smoothly without abnormal noise or excessive smoke, which could indicate misadjustment or a failing component.
Field testing procedures entail performing a controlled test cut on a representative sample of turf under typical operating conditions. Before mowing, verify that the cutting deck is level side-to-side and front-to-back, and that all safety interlocks function as intended. Conduct a series of test passes at different throttle settings to gauge consistency in cut quality, air velocity under the deck, and clippings dispersion. During operation, monitor for uneven ground tracking, deck lift reliability, and any fuel system indications such as surges or stalls that may suggest an imbalance or air-fuel mixture issue. Record data such as blade speed, ground speed, mower height, and any anomalies observed so that future adjustments can be correlated with performance outcomes and maintenance actions can be prioritized accordingly.
To verify overall performance, compare the observed operating characteristics against the factory specifications sheet for the TT23KAC. Confirm that the mower delivers uniform cut height across multiple passes and turf types, with consistent engine RPM and blade tip speed. If discrepancies arise, perform a systematic inspection of the fuel system, ignition system, and cooling passages, ensuring that air filters are clean and unblocked, and that the carburetor or fuel injection system is delivering the correct fuel-air mixture at various loads. Document all adjustments, test results, and any parts replaced to maintain a complete service history for future maintenance planning and warranty compliance.
Finally, recheck all safety systems after completing calibration and baseline verification. Ensure that the blade brake, parking brake, and blade engagement mechanisms respond correctly when engaged and disengaged. Perform a conclusive walkaround to verify that all guards and shields are reinstalled securely and that no tools or debris remain in the mowing deck area. Conduct a final test run at low speed to confirm smooth acceleration and deceleration, followed by a full-speed test under controlled conditions to validate that the machine reaches and sustains the intended performance targets without overheating or unusual behavior. Maintain a detailed log of calibration steps, results, and any corrective actions to support ongoing reliability and performance tracking.
Parts and service documentation
The accuracy and accessibility of parts and service documentation are essential for safe and efficient maintenance of the EXMARK TT23KAC. This section outlines reliable methods for locating part numbers, understanding service bulletins, and following warranty and return procedures. It is important to maintain an organized repository of documentation to minimize downtime and ensure consistency across maintenance tasks. Proper documentation also supports traceability for warranty claims and future repairs, which helps protect both the technician and the machine’s owner.
Part numbers are the primary identifiers used to order replacement components and verify compatibility with the TT23KAC model. When sourcing parts, always cross-check the machine’s serial number and the specific configuration, as variations can affect compatible components. A current parts catalog should be consulted, and any substitutions must be documented with rationale and approval from a supervisor or manufacturer guidelines. Maintaining an up-to-date parts list with revisions helps prevent incorrect orders and reduces the risk of downtime caused by incorrect components. Additionally, electronic part lookup tools should be utilized where available to streamline the identification process and to provide real-time stock information.
Service bulletins communicate important updates that can impact performance, safety, or reliability. Each bulletin should be reviewed promptly and assessed for relevance to the TT23KAC, then filed with the machine’s service history. Operators should document the date of receipt, bulletin number, and a summary of recommended actions. Implementing these bulletins in a controlled manner ensures that all technicians are working from the same guidance, which improves maintenance quality and consistency. It is advisable to create a checklist from each bulletin to verify completion of required steps and to record any deviations or field conditions encountered during implementation. Routine integration of service bulletins helps maintain peak machine performance and can prevent more costly repairs down the line.
Warranty and return procedures require strict adherence to manufacturer terms to protect ownership rights and ensure proper credit or replacement when applicable. Before performing any service under warranty, verify the product’s eligibility, including purchase date, maintenance history, and compliance with recommended service intervals. Documentation should include service date, technician notes, parts used, and any diagnostic results that support the claim. Returns must follow established guidelines, including packaging, authorization, and shipping procedures to avoid denial of coverage or restocking fees. Maintaining a clear audit trail of warranty events and returns facilitates quicker resolutions and supports service-center accountability. Regular training on warranty processes helps technicians stay compliant and reduces processing delays during peak service periods.
In practice, a structured documentation workflow begins with accurate part number recording, followed by timely bulletin review and precise warranty logging. Each step should be completed with verifiable data, such as serial numbers, revision levels, and exact replacement components. Digital records should be backed up and accessible to all authorized service personnel to ensure continuity across shifts. Periodic audits of the documentation system help identify gaps, enable corrections, and promote continuous improvement in maintenance practices. By prioritizing robust parts and service documentation, technicians can deliver reliable repairs, safer operations, and longer service life for the EXMARK TT23KAC.